Identification: Deep-bodied, laterally compressed, almost disc-like fish. Dorsal surface of head body , and upper sides golden brown to olive. Ventral surface bronze to red-orange, sides with several vague vertical bars. Leading edge of dorsal spines black, pectoral fins amber and clear. Female coloration paler males. Length is 178-229mm.

Habits: Usually found in small lakes, ponds, shallow weedy bays of larger lakes, and in the quiet water of slow-moving streams. Prefers clear water and the cover of submerged vegetation. Usually seen in large groups of fish.

Feeding: Food is mainly insects and insect larvae, also other small invertebrates, small fishes, and other vertebrates such as larval salamanders.

Breeding: Spawning usually begins in late spring to early summer. A nest is constructed by the male, and the eggs are guarded and fanned by the male. Hatching occurs in as three days. Maturity usually achieved by age 2.

References:

Scott, W and Crossman, E. 1973. Freshwater Fishes of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Bulletin 184. Ottawa, Ontario.

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